Includes how foreign exchange is managed and implications for U.S. business.
Last Published: 7/25/2019
The Argentine Central Bank is the regulatory body that approves foreign exchange acquisition for import-related transactions.  For advance payments, Argentine importers must submit customs clearance documents, to include an approved Sworn Declaration of Intention to Import, known by its acronym in Spanish as DJAIs (or “Declaración Jurada Anticipada de Importación”) to their commercial bank within 360 days from payment as proof that the goods have been approved to enter the market. If products are brought into Argentina as a temporary import, importers must submit within 90 days an interim-destination document for temporary import.
 
The Argentine government restricts the purchase of foreign currency, based on several variables.  Amounts of foreign exchange transactions may vary on a case-by-case basis.  Argentine companies can perform import payments in four different ways:
  1. Advance payments: before the merchandise is shipped. The commercial bank requests from the Argentine importer the pro forma invoice and exchange purchase ticket.  The local buyer has 360 days from shipment date to present the Customs clearance to its commercial bank.
  2. Sight payments: when the merchandise was already shipped and payment is made against documents. The Argentine importer has 90 days from shipment date to present to the commercial bank the clearance for Customs.
  3. Credit payments: delayed payment. The commercial bank requests that the Argentine importer presents the clearance to Customs to keep track of merchandise imported, payments already made, and payments still due.
  4. Anticipate the credit payment: delayed payment. The local buyer pays in full in one single payment. The commercial bank requests that the Argentine importer presents the clearance to Customs to keep track of merchandised imported and all payments made.
Since 2002, Government of Argentina (GOA) regulations require that all exports be assigned a value and that foreign exchange revenues be returned to Argentina. Thus, barter transfers of goods between exporter and importer are not possible. While bartering does not involve a sale per se, the GOA would still expect to see foreign exchange remittance to the local bank based on the value of the goods exported.

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